Neurodevelopmental Disorder ( Urdu )

 

Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

Is blog post me hum neurodevelopmental disorders ke baare mein baat kreingy , jo DSM-5-TR mein pehla disorder hai. Jab maine neurodevelopmental disorders ka mutaala kiya, toh mera pehla sawaal yeh tha ke "neurodevelopmental" ka kya matlab hai. “Neuro” ka matlab hai nervous system aur iski components, jaise neurons, neurotransmitters, waghera, aur “developmental” ka matlab hai wo process jo kisi shakhs ki pehli tarakki aur tabdeeli ke doran hota hai.

Neurodevelopmental disorders ek group hai aesi conditions ka jo developmental period (balaagh ke doran) mein shuru hoti hain, isliye yeh kaha ja sakta hai ke yeh disorders apne asraat dikhate hain jab insaan develop ho raha hota hai. kuch mukhtalif developmental stages hoti hain, jaise infancy (0-1 saal), toddlerhood (1-3 saal), preschool age (3-5 saal), early childhood (5-12 saal), aur adolescence (12-18 saal). Yeh stages wo hain jahan ek insaan motor skills, cognitive skills, aur social aur learning skills acquire karta hai.

Neurodevelopmental disorders aksar early developmental stages mein nazar aate hain, jo aksar bachay ke school janay walay stage se pehle  hoti hain.

Neurodevelopmental disorders ko developmental deficits (development ke mukhtalif areas mein rukawat) ya brain processes mein farq ke zariye shanakht di jati hai (jo personal, social, academic, ya occupational functioning mein rukawat ka sabab bante hain). Yeh developmental deficits do tarah ke ho sakte hain:

1. Specific: Ek hi area mein trouble hoti hai , jaise learning ya executive functioning.

2. Global: Mukhtalif areas mein trouble hoti hai , jaise social aur cognitive impairment.

Pehle yeh disorders categorical samjhe jate the, yani ya toh kisi shakhs ko disorder hota tha ya nahi. After several studies Ab hume samajh aata hai ke yeh deficits aksar ek spectrum par hoti hain, yani inki mukhtalif darje hote hain jinka typical development se koi clear division nahi hota.Spectrum par hona ka matlab hai ke is mein mukhtalif severity levels ho sakte hain, jo mild, moderate, ya severe ho sakte hain. Is disorder ke Diagnosis ke liye yeh zaroori hai , shkahs un symptoms ko show krey balky uske sth sth woh symptoms uski zindagi me maslon ki waja bn rhi ho , tb ja kr hum diagnosis asani se de skty hain .

Neurodevelopmental disorders aksar ek hi shakhs mein saath saath hoti hain. Misal ke taur par, bohot se logon ko autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ke sath intellectual disabilities bhi hoti hain, aur bohot se bachay jinhein attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) hai, unhein learning mein bhi dikkat hoti hai. Yeh disorders aur doosri mental health problems ke sath bhi hoti hain, jaise anxiety ya oppositional defiant disorder.

In disorders ke symptoms aksar aise behaviors shamil hote hain jo normal bachon ke muqablay mein zyada frequent ya intense hote hain, sath hi inhe expected milestones tak pahunchne mein der hoti hai. Misal ke taur par, ASD ka diagnosis tab hota hai jab kisi shakhs ko social communication mein dikkat hoti hai aur sath hi unki repetitive behaviors, limited interests, aur routine par insistence hoti hai.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ki Mukhtasir Tafseel:

1. Intellectual Disability:Iska matlab hai ke kisi shakhs ki sochne aur rozmarra ki skills mein bohot mushkil hoti hai. Inhein naye skills seekhne aur zyada independent zindagi guzarne ke liye madad ki zaroorat hoti hai.
   
   
   
2. Communication Disorders:
   Yeh disorders kisi shakhs ki bolne aur zuban samajhne ki salahiyat ko affect karte hain. Ismein teen types hain:
   
   a. Language Disorder: Jahan lafz samajhne ya istemal karne mein dikkat hoti hai.
   b. Speech Sound Disorder: Jahan bolne mein sounds banane mein mushkil hoti hai.
   c. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder: Isse stuttering kehte hain, jahan bachay ke bolne mein rukawat hoti hai.
   
   
   
3. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
   Yeh ek complex haal hai jo kisi shakhs ki communication aur doosron ke sath interact karne ki salahiyat ko affect karta hai. Logon ko social cues samajhne mein mushkil hoti hai aur yeh repetitive behaviors dikhate hain.
   
   
   
4. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD):
   Ismein kisi shakhs ko tawajju dene ya apni impulses ko control karne mein mushkil hoti hai. Inhein task par focus karne, baithe rehne, ya baat karte waqt apni turn ka intezar karne mein mushkil hoti hai.
   
   
   
5. Specific Learning Disorder:
   Iska matlab hai ke kisi shakhs ko school aur rozmarra ki zindagi ke liye important skills seekhne mein mushkil hoti hai. Ismein kuch types hain:
   
   a. Dyslexia: Jab kisi ko padhne aur samajhne mein mushkil hoti hai.
   b. Dysgraphia: Jahan likhne mein mushkil hoti hai.
   c. Dyscalculia: Jab kisi ko numbers aur math mein mushkil hoti hai.
   
   
   
6. Motor Disorders:
   Yeh kisi shakhs ki movements aur body ko coordinate karne ki salahiyat ko affect karte hain. Ismein kuch types hain:
   
   a. Developmental Coordination Disorder: Jahan movements coordinate karne mein mushkil hoti hai.
   b. Stereotypic Movement Disorder: Ismein aise repetitive  movements hote hain jo kisi purpose ke liye nahi hote.
   c. Tic Disorders: Inmein involuntary movements ya sounds hote hain, jaise Tourette syndrome.
   
   
   
7. Other Specified Neurodevelopmental Disorder:
   Yeh category un symptoms ko shamil karti hai jo significant problems create karte hain lekin kisi specific neurodevelopmental disorder mein nahi aate.
   
   
   
8. Unspecified Neurodevelopmental Disorder:
   Yeh term tab use hoti hai jab kisi specific diagnosis ke liye kaafi maloomat nahi hoti, lekin shakhs mein developmental difficulties nazar aati hain.